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Jul282011

Supporting Android 2.x and 3.x in the same codebase »

DateThursday, July 28, 2011 at 3:15PM | AuthorBen Vogan | in

Supporting different codebases of an application for different platforms can become complicated and more trouble than it is worth. If you want to take advantage of the Fragments UI controls in Android 3.x while still supporting Android 2.x, you can definitely do so within the same application.

In fact, this is getting easier all the time as Google updates the Android Compatibility Package. This is a set of jar files that you can include in your application to provide you with features that were introduced in version 3.0 (Honeycomb). Using this package you can develop a single Fragment-based UI that will run on almost any version (1.6+). As of July 2011 this package is reasonably fully-featured and will likely be sufficient for your needs.

Prior to this package being available, or if for some reason you don't want to use it, it was still possible to support a Fragments-based UI along-side an Activity-based UI with minimal overlap. Using a MVC (Model / View / Controller) pattern, or similar, you can separate the business logic from the Activity/Fragment implementation - leaving them as a simple shell that calls into the controller to perform work. A code directory structure might look like:

mypackage.models
mypackage.activities
mypackage.fragments
mypackage.controllers

For Android 2.x you would provide a set of activities corresponding to all of the screens needed by your application. For android 3.x you would provide some set of activities, which may or may not be the same ones used for 2.x, but also some re-usable fragments that could be embedded into your activities. Since the Activity and Fragment lifecycles are similar your controllers can most likely be used by either without any special handling. If you needed to reference classes available only in 3.x from a controller then you could create a sub-class for use by Fragments to encapsulate that functionality. The main goal however is that your logic exist in the controller layer and that most of that logic should be usable from either 2.x or 3.x.

You can override the layouts for Honeycomb devices by using the -v11 (11 is the API version for Honeycomb) qualifier. So for example you could define a layout for your "main" activity for 2.x, and then define another layout that makes use of fragments for 3.x. Without needing to do any version detection in code your app will seamlessly switch to the Fragments-based UI if it is available. Similarly you can modify your styles and images if you need them to be different across OS versions.

If for some reason you need to check what version of Android your app is running on at run time, you can make use of the Build.VERSION.SDK_INT and branch your code as appropriate.

With some care, planning, and proper separation between the business logic and the UI, you can take advantage the newer APIs while still supporting older versions in the same codebase.

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